2014-02-15 08:35:01
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kejihao
Apache
本文介绍Apache+JSP+tomcat环境配置过程记录,希望对于初学Apache服务器相关的朋友有帮助,更多Apache安装、配置、报错处理等资源请本站内搜索。

APACHE+JSP+TOMCAT运行环境的配置总结:

所用软件可以到httpd.apache.org、jakarta.apache.org和JAVA.sun.com下载。

需要的东西:

1、一台安装有WIN2K系统的电脑,最好是professional的。(因为用server的话,会安装IIS5,可能会占用80端口。我们现在用apache作http服务,当然就没有必要用IIS了。)

2、JAVA的运行环境:J2EE,我们可以使用j2sdk或j2jre,只是用jre就行。(sdk是开发环境包含运行环境,jre只是运行环境)

3、mod_jk或mod_jserv使apache与tomcat进行连接。我推荐用mod_jk,因为mod_jserv只能用于apache,而mod_jk可用于多种http服务软件。windows下mod_jk是一个dll文件。

4、tomcat,最主要支持的JSP运行的软件。

5、apache,目前最好的http服务软件。

开始安装:

1、安装jdk,我用的是jdk_sdk1.3.1.01版,比如安装到c:jdk1.3下。之后添加jdk的环境变量。

变量名:path

变量值:c:jdk1.3bin

变量名:JAVA_HOME

变量值:c:jdk1.3

变量名:CLASSPATH

变量值:.;c:jdk1.3libdt.jar;c:jdk1.3libtools.jar;

重新启动计算机使配置的环境变量生效

环境变量的添加位置:我的电脑>属性>高级>环境变量(win2k)

           如win9x在autoexec.bat中添加

           Path=c:jdk1.3bin

           Set JAVA_HOME=c:jdk1.3

           Set CLASSPATH=.;c:jdk1.3libdt.jar;c:jdk1.3libtools.jar;

2、安装apache 1.3.27 for windows版,比如安装到c:apache下。apache默认的主目录是c:apachehtdocs,我们可以对它进行更改,我们编辑c:apache/conf/httpd.conf文件,找到关于Port、DocumentRoot这两行,就可以设置当前的http服务的默认端口和主目录。其他的设置,可以自己以后摸索!

在httpd.conf中添加:

LoadModule jk_module libexec/mod_jk.dll

AddModule mod_jk.c

JkWorkersFile "c:Tomcat 4.0confworker.properties"

JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log

JkLogLevel info

JkLogStampformat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "

JkMount /*.JSP ajp13

JkMount /servlet/* ajp13

以上语句的基本意思是:

第一、二句:指定apache和tomcat连接插件的位置和名称

第三句:指出mod_jk工作所需要的工作文件的位置

第七、八句:是将所有和JSP和servlet的请求通过Apj13的协议送给Tomcat,让Tomcat来处理

3、将下载的mod_jk.dll放到安装Apache目录下的libexec下。

4、安装tomcat for windows版,这里我用tomcat 4.0.4。比如安装到c:tomcat4.0下。

在c:Tomcat4.0conf目录下建一个worker.properties文件

worker.properties文件内容为:

# $Header: /home/cvs/jakarta-tomcat/src/etc/Attic/workers.properties,v 1.3.2.2 2000/10/16 01:59:22 larryi Exp $

# $Revision: 1.3.2.2 $

# $Date: 2000/10/16 01:59:22 $

#

#

# workers.properties -

#

# This file provides jk derived plugins with with the needed information to

# connect to the different tomcat workers.

#

# As a general note, the characters $( and ) are used internally to define

# macros. Do not use them in your own configuration!!!

#

# Whenever you see a set of lines such as:

# x=value

# y=$(x)something

#

# the final value for y will be valuesomething

#

# Normaly all you will need to modify is the first properties, i.e.

# workers.tomcat_home, workers.JAVA_home and ps. Most of the configuration

# is derived from these.

#

# When you are done updating workers.tomcat_home, workers.JAVA_home and ps

# you should have 3 workers configured:

#

# - An ajp12 worker that connects to localhost:8007

# - An ajp13 worker that connects to localhost:8009

# - A jni inprocess worker.

# - A load balancer worker

#

# However by default the plugins will only use the ajp12 worker. To have

# the plugins use other workers you should modify the worker.list property.

#

#

#

# workers.tomcat_home should point to the location where you

# installed tomcat. This is where you have your conf, webapps and lib

# directories.

#

workers.tomcat_home=c:Tomcat 4.0

#

# workers.java_home should point to your JAVA installation. Normally

# you should have a bin and lib directories beneath it.

#

workers.JAVA_home=c:jdk1.3

#

# You should configure your environment slash... ps= on NT and / on UNIX

# and maybe something different elsewhere.

#

ps=

# ps=/

#

#------ ADVANCED MODE ------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#

#------ DEFAULT worket list ------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#

# The workers that your plugins should create and work with

#

worker.list=ajp12, ajp13

#

#------ DEFAULT ajp12 WORKER DEFINITION ------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#

# Defining a worker named ajp12 and of type ajp12

# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.

#

worker.ajp12.port=8007

worker.ajp12.host=localhost

worker.ajp12.type=ajp12

#

# Specifies the load balance factor when used with

# a load balancing worker.

# Note:

# ----> lbfactor must be > 0

# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.

worker.ajp12.lbfactor=1

#

#------ DEFAULT ajp13 WORKER DEFINITION ------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#

# Defining a worker named ajp13 and of type ajp13

# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.

#

worker.ajp13.port=8009

worker.ajp13.host=localhost

worker.ajp13.type=ajp13

#

# Specifies the load balance factor when used with

# a load balancing worker.

# Note:

# ----> lbfactor must be > 0

# ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker.

worker.ajp13.lbfactor=1

#

# Specify the size of the open connection cache.

#worker.ajp13.cachesize

#

#------ DEFAULT LOAD BALANCER WORKER DEFINITION ----------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#

# The loadbalancer (type lb) workers perform wighted round-robin

# load balancing with sticky sessions.

# Note:

# ----> If a worker dies, the load balancer will check its state

# once in a while. Until then all work is redirected to peer

# workers.

worker.loadbalancer.type=lb

worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers=ajp12, ajp13

#

#------ DEFAULT JNI WORKER DEFINITION---------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#

# Defining a worker named inprocess and of type jni

# Note that the name and the type do not have to match.

#

worker.inprocess.type=jni

#

#------ CLASSPATH DEFINITION -----------------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#

# Additional class path components.

#

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)classes

#

# The XML parser provided with Tomcat

#

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)jaxp.jar

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)parser.jar

#

# Tomcat`s implementation

#

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)jasper.jar

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)servlet.jar

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)webserver.jar

#

# Javac as available from JAVA2SE

#

worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.JAVA_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)tools.jar

#

# Setting the command line for tomcat

# Note: The cmd_line string may not contain spaces.

#

worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-config

worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)/conf/jni_server.xml

worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-home

worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)

#

# The JVM that we are about to use

#

# This is for JAVA2

#

worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.JAVA_home)$(ps)jre$(ps)bin$(ps)classic$(ps)jvm.dll

#

# And this is for jdk1.1.X

#

#worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.java_home)$(ps)bin$(ps)JAVAi.dll

#

#

# Setting the place for the stdout and stderr of tomcat

#

worker.inprocess.stdout=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stdout

worker.inprocess.stderr=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stderr

#

# Setting the tomcat.home JAVA property

#

worker.inprocess.sysprops=tomcat.home=$(workers.tomcat_home)

#

# JAVA system properties

#

# worker.inprocess.sysprops=JAVA.compiler=NONE

# worker.inprocess.sysprops=myprop=mypropvalue

#

# Additional path components.

#

# worker.inprocess.ld_path=d:$(ps)SQLLIB$(ps)bin

#

在这个文件中需要修改两个地方,一个是workers.tomcat_home,这是指定Tomcat工作的目录,另外一个是workers.JAVA_home,这是指定Jdk的目录,大家可以做适当修改!

再配置TOMCAT核心文件,打开 c:Tomcat4.0confserver.xml

修改如下:

将<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->

<!--

<Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector"

port="8009" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"

acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>

-->

的<!-- --> 去掉,这句话熟悉XML的人都知道它是注释,因为默认的Tomcat4

是没有启用Apj13的8009的端口即mod_jk所使用,修改后如下:

<Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector"

port="8009" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"

acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>

然后保存,现在你的配置基本完成了。重新启动计算机,开始整体测试。

5、测试:

首先,启动Apache,然后在浏览器里输入http://localhost,如果能看

到Apache的欢迎页面,那么恭喜您,第一步成功了。

然后,运行startup.bat启动Tomcat,再打开浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/

如果看到可爱的Tomcat,那么恭喜您,Tomcat也没有问题。

最后最重要的是Apache下可以解释JSP和Servlet,把下面的代码copy到文本编辑器中命名为

rosealet.JSP,

内容如下:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=gb2312"%>

<html>

<body>

<%String str="rosealet studio.";%>

<%str=str+"welcome";%>

<%=str%>

</body>

</html>

将它保存到C:Tomcat 4.0webappsROOT下,然后在浏览器里输入

http://localhost/rosealet.jsp如果看到了rosealet,那么您的确成功了。

我再阐述一个问题:

对于APACHE主机下访问的JSP文件,实际上物理上不存在与APACHE的主机上,而是存在TOMCAT的主机目录里,例如:

http://localhost/rosealet.jsp 中rosealet.JSP文件实际不在 c:apachehtdocs下,而在C:Tomcat 4.0webappsROOT 下。这点请注意,不要混淆概念!

转自http://www.oxbbs.net/cgi-bin/forums.cgi?forum=38,原作者rosealet

  --生活,是时尚,是艺术-- 

--TheStudioPlus-- 补充日期: 2003-05-21 12:30:00

再谈apache+tomcat,对以前文章的补充

这是对以前我的那篇"WIN2K+APACHE+JSP+TOMCAT配置总结"的补充。

一、配置环境变量:

1、以前我们配置的环境变量:

变量名:path

变量值:c:jdk1.3bin

变量名:JAVA_HOME

变量值:c:jdk1.3

变量名:CLASSPATH

变量值:.;c:jdk1.3libdt.jar;c:jdk1.3libtools.jar

2、现在我们也可以配置为:

变量名:JAVA_HOME

变量值:C:jdk1.3     //若你没按以上路径安装请更改为正确的路径

变量名:TOMCAT_HOME

变量值:C:Tomcat4    //若你没按以上路径安装请更改为正确的路径

变量名:CLASSPATH

变量值:%JAVA_HOME%lib;%TOMCAT_HOME%lib;%JAVA_HOME%jrebin

变量名:path

变量值:c:jdk1.3bin;c:jdk1.3jrebin;

二、更改tomcat运行测试目录:

假设你已有一个项目在e:rosealet目录下,包含index.jsp及其它JSP文件和bean,如WEB-INFclasses下的

servlet、JAVAbean。

1.设置Tomcat以支持你的项目目录,打开C:Tomcat4confserver.xml文件,在"</Context>"-"</Host>"添加

<Context path="/rosealet" debug="0" docBase="e:rosealet" reloadable="true"/>并保存。

说明:Context (表示一个web应用程序);docBase定义本地路径;path 表示此web路径的url,

   reloadable 这个属性非常重要,如果为true,则tomcat会自动检测应用程序的/WEB-INF/lib

    和/WEB-INF/classes目录的变化,自动装载修改或新的bean及servlet,我们可以在不重起tomcat

   的情况下看到bean带给JSP的变化。

这样请求的url:http://localhost/rosealet

  

2.启动Tomcat,在浏览器的地址中输入http://localhost/rosealet,如你的JSP及bean,servlet没有错误,

一般会将你的index.JSP/index.html文件的

三、Apache与Tomcat综合配置和虚拟主机配置:

若Apache与Tomcat正运行着,请关闭它们。

(1)配置Apache:

1.将下载的mod_jk.dll复制到c:apachemodules或c:apachelibexec 下。(无论复制到什么位置,

    httpd.conf中是可以指定相应的位置的)

2.设置主页文件类型:

编辑C:Apacheconf下的httpd.conf,在"DirectoryIndex"一行,index.html的后面也可以添加

     index.JSP并保存,注意相互之间应有空格。

3.设置虚拟主机:

apache中添加虚拟主机格式:

    <VirtualHost>

     ServerAdmin [email protected]

     DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com

     ServerName dummy-host.example.com

     ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log

     CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common

    </VirtualHost>

   

    让Apache自动控制html与JSP的解析

     编辑httpd.conf,在最后加入下面这段代码。

<VirtualHost localhost>               //localhost为本机,你可用本机ip

     ServerAdmin [email protected]          //你的mail地址

     DocumentRoot e:rosealet              //你的项目根目录,因为rosealet下可能有其他目路,因此设为e:rosealet

     ServerName localhost                 //你的服务名,若你的机器有域名,设为域名,现用本机作测试

     ErrorLog logs/rosealet_home_log.txt       //错误日志,在C:Apachelogs下,可用其它任意名字

     CustomLog logs/rosealet_Custom_log.txt common //访问日志,在C:Apachelogs下,可用其它任意名字

    </VirtualHost>

   4.设置Apache与Tomcat之间的连接:

让Apache遇到JSP文件时,在后台将其交由Tomcat去处理。

编辑httpd.conf,在最后加入下面这段代码。

# Using mod_jk.dll to redirect dynamic calls to Tomcat

LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.dll        //装载模块,用于处理连接,如mod_jk放在libexec应些为:LoadModule jk_module libexec/mod_jk.dll

AddModule mod_jk.c                     //使用mod_jk.c的module,此行可删除

JkWorkersFile "c:/tomcat4/conf/workers.properties"  //设置模块的工作文件

JkLogFile "/logs/mod_jk.log"               //设置模块工作的日志文件,Tocmat启动时会自建

JkLogLevel info                      //设置日志文件的等级,此行可删除

JkLogStampformat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] "       //设置日志文件的格式,此行可删除

JkMount /servlet/* ajp13                  //让Apache支持对servlet传送,用以Tomcat解析

JkMount /*.jsp ajp13                    //让Apache支持对JSP传送,用以Tomcat解析

    到此Apache的配置基本完成,不过这时启动Apache还不能正常工作。 (2)配置Tomcat:

在C:Tomcatconf下新建文件workers.properties,以前我们曾经建立过,它的内容非常多

   但我们可以把它精简后如下:

   workers.tomcat_home=c:Tomcat4

   workers.JAVA_home=c:jdk1.3

   ps=

   worker.list=ajp12, ajp13

   worker.ajp12.port=8007

   worker.ajp12.host=localhost

   worker.ajp12.type=ajp12

   worker.ajp12.lbfactor=1

   worker.ajp13.port=8009

   worker.ajp13.host=localhost

   worker.ajp13.type=ajp13

   worker.ajp13.lbfactor=1

   worker.loadbalancer.type=lb

   worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers=ajp12, ajp13

   worker.inprocess.type=jni

    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)classes

    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)jaxp.jar

    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)parser.jar

    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)jasper.jar

    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)servlet.jar

    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)common$(ps)lib$(ps)webserver.jar

    worker.inprocess.class_path=$(workers.JAVA_home)$(ps)lib$(ps)tools.jar

   worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-config

    worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)/conf/jni_server.xml

   worker.inprocess.cmd_line=-home

    worker.inprocess.cmd_line=$(workers.tomcat_home)

    worker.inprocess.jvm_lib=$(workers.JAVA_home)$(ps)jre$(ps)bin$(ps)classic$(ps)jvm.dll

    worker.inprocess.stdout=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stdout

    worker.inprocess.stderr=$(workers.tomcat_home)$(ps)inprocess.stderr

    worker.inprocess.sysprops=tomcat.home=$(workers.tomcat_home)

我们还可以更加精简,因我们只用ajp13其内容如下:

          workers.tomcat_home=c:Tomcat4    //让mod_jk模块知道Tomcat

          workers.JAVA_home=c:jdk1.3      //让mod_jk模块知道j2sdk

          ps=

          worker.list=ajp13           //模块版本,现有ajp14了,不要修改

          worker.ajp13.port=8009        //工作端口,若没占用则不用修改

          worker.ajp13.host=localhost      //本机,若上面的Apache主机不为localhost,作相应修改

          worker.ajp13.type=ajp13        //类型

          worker.ajp13.lbfactor=1        //代理数,不用修改   2.编辑server.xml文件:

让tomcat打开ajp13端口8009

  

    找到:

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->

    <!--

    <Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector" port="8009" minProcessors="5"

    maxProcessors="75" acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>

    -->

更改为:

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->

    <Connector className="org.apache.ajp.tomcat4.Ajp13Connector" port="8009" minProcessors="5"

    maxProcessors="75" acceptCount="10" debug="0"/>

四、测试:

  1.启动Apache,Tomcat。

   2.打开你的浏览器,在地址栏中输入http://localhost:8080/rosealet ,若与上面的测试相同,

   则Tomcat重新配置后正常!

  3.在地址栏中输入http://localhost/rosealet ,若与http://localhost:8080/rosealet的结果相同,

   那恭喜你,Apache与Tomcat整合成功了!

五、虚拟主机下的配置、管理和应用:

下面以一个例子来说明虚拟主机如何同时使用Apache与Tomcat

虚拟主机host1的目录结构如下所示:

/www

   |---host1 虚拟主机host1的主目录

   | |--htdocs 普通根目录:用于显示静态页面或PHP程序

   | |----logs apache访问日志

   | |----webapps JAVA应用目录(新加,与tomcat的webapps目录无任何关联)

   | |--ROOT jsp根目录:用于显示JSP页面程序

   | |----kim 一套JAVA应用实例

   |---host2 虚拟主机host2的主目录

  ............

   要让虚拟主机host1能同时使用Apache与Tomcat4,需要做如下配置:

1、编辑tomcat的配置文件server.xml,在最后的部分找到:

< !-- Define an Apache-Connector Service -- >

<!--

  < Service name="Tomcat-Apache" >

< Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpConnector"

  port="8008" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"

  enableLookups="true" apPBase="webapps"

  acceptCount="10" debug="0"/ >

< Engine className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpEngine"

  name="Apache" debug="0" >

< Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"

  prefix="apache_log." suffix=".txt"

  timestamp="true"/ >

< Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm" / >

  -- >

修改为:

< !-- Define an Apache-Connector Service -- >

< Service name="Tomcat-Apache" >

< Connector className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpConnector"

  port="8008" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"

  enableLookups="true" apPBase="webapps"

  acceptCount="10" debug="0"/ >

< Engine className="org.apache.catalina.connector.warp.WarpEngine"

  name="Apache" debug="0" >

< Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"

  prefix="apache_log." suffix=".txt"

  timestamp="true"/ >

< !-- 下面是新加的内容 -- >

  < Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm" / >

< Host name="host1.rosealet.com" debug="0" apPBase="/www/host1/webapps"

  uppackWars="true" autoDeploy="true" >               //定义虚拟主机host1的主目录

< Context path="" docBase="ROOT" debug="0"/ >          //定义JSP根目录

< !-- 下面套用的是tomcat自带的管理页面,在虚拟主机下也可使用 -- >

  < Context path="/manager" debug="0" privileged="true"

  docBase="../server/webapps/manager"/ >              //"../server/webapps/manager"指定到tomcat安装目录

<Context path="/admin" docBase="../server/webapps/admin"

  debug="0" privileged="true">                    //"../server/webapps/manager"指定到tomcat安装目录

< Context path="/kim" docBase="kim" debug="0"

  reloadable="true" crossContext="true"/ >             //在/kim下定义JAVA应用实例

< Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"

  prefix="host1_log." suffix=".txt"

  timestamp="true"/ >

  < /Host >

< !-- 新加内容结束 -- >

< /Engine >

< /Service >

2、编辑tomcat的管理权限文件tomcat-users.xml,在中间加一行:

< user username="name" password="passwd" roles="standard,manager"/ >  //name、passwd可自定义  3、编辑apache的配置文件,httpd.conf做如下修改:  < VirtualHost xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx >

    ServerName host1.rosealet.com

    ServerAdmin [email protected]

    DocumentRoot /www/host1/htdocs

    ErrorLog /www/host1/logs/error_log

    CustomLog /www/host1/logs/access_log common

WebAppDeploy ROOT warpConnection /

  < /VirtualHost >

  // 注:此行的作用是把ROOT目录作为虚拟主机URL的根,并使前面定义的根htdocs失效。

     但如果不想整个虚拟主机都使用JSP页面程序,而想使用大量静态页面或PHP程序的话,

     就要使用下面这行,并把所有的静态页面和PHP程序放在htdocs目录下。

  // WebAppDeploy ROOT warpConnection /JSP

WebAppDeploy manager warpConnection /manager

WebAppDeploy jive warpConnection /kim

  // 在server.xml里每定义一个都要在这里加一条WebAppDeploy。

以后访问http://host1.rosealet.com/manager/或http://host1.rosealet.com/admin/ 会提示输入密码,  在输入正确的 name和passwd后,就会看到“Tomcat Web Application Manager”的页面,里面的

  Application Path已经是虚拟主机里配置的信息了,并可以对其进行管理。

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