2013-11-14 14:39:01
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kejihao
Apache
本文介绍Apache服务器的安装、配置、优化,希望对于初学Apache服务器相关的朋友有帮助,更多Apache安装、配置、报错处理等资源请本站内搜索。

考虑到以后要 rewite_url 来使 google 更加容易收录网站,特地添加了 mod_rewrite 。

同时为了限制流量,特别加了 mod_limitpcnn.c 补丁 , 所以多了一个 --enable-forward 选项。

建议安装完毕以后不要删除安装目录,以便以后升级时使用。

记得升级前关闭 apache2.0

编译过程:

#./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward

# make

# make install 

这个例子里面是编译了 mod_so,mod_speling 和 openssl 支持。

同样有另外几种写法

#./configure --enable-modules=so --enable-modules=speling --enable-modules=rewrite

或者

#./configure --enable-modules=”so speling”

--enable-MODULE[=shared] 编译并包含模块 MODULE. MODULE 是文档中去掉” _module ”的模块名。要将一个模块编译成为 DSO, 需要加 -shared 选项 , 即 --enable-mods-shared 。 (查看 MODULE 手册)

注意 :"如果希望核心能够装载 DSO,而不实际编译任何动态模块,则要明确指定 --enable-modules=so 或者 --enable-so" (查看 DSO 手册),所以前面的顺序不能交换顺序。 查看所有apache 的 configure 参数

安装完毕后可以用以下命令来查看启动了那些模块

# apachectl -l

Compiled in modules:

core.c 

mod_access.c

mod_auth.c

mod_include.c

mod_log_config.c

mod_env.c

mod_setenvif.c

prefork.c

http_core.c

mod_mime.c

mod_status.c

mod_autoindex.c

mod_asis.c

mod_cgi.c

mod_negotiation.c

mod_dir.c mod_imap.c

mod_actions.c

mod_speling.c

mod_userdir.c

mod_alias.c

mod_rewrite.c

mod_so.c 

接着,将启动程序放入开机程序中去。 如果要启动 ssl 加密网页,则必须通过手动启动 apache2.0 (参见 ssl 部分 )

# echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local 

参考:

If you want your server to continue running after a system reboot ,

you should add a call to apachectl to your system startup files (typically rc.local or

a file in an rc.N directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this ensure

that your server is properly configured for security and access restrictions. 

在 profile 里面添加以上的语句来设置路径,使得在 bash 下更容易控制 apachectl, 省去了输入路径的麻烦。

# vi /etc/profile

PATH=" $PATH:usr/local/apache2/bin:” 

配置 apache2.0

# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf 

配置文件请看文件 httpd.conf (设置文档目录为/home/dalouis/public_html)

#chmod 755 – R /home/dalouis/ 

设置目录的可读性为 drwxr-xr-x(755), 否则会出现 "Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server."

一些关于安全性的配置:

考虑到 cgi-bin 的安全性问题,我们暂时将 cgi-bin 去掉。将所有 httpd.conf 中的所有关于 cgi-bin 的行加上 #.

Xiyang 的配置

我用的: mod_limitipconn, mod_expires, mod_gzip, mod_php4, mod_so, mod_access, mod_alias, mod_userdir, mod_dir, mod_autoindex, mod_status, mod_mime, mod_log_config, http_core

关于超时的问题

在我编写好所有的产品查看页面的时候,经常会出现因为超时,或者流量过大 ,apache 停止工作的问题,原因有二,一是代码的不科学性,二是 apache 的设置问题。

以下是对设置的一点改动:

# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than

# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.

# KeepAlive Off

# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow

# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.

# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.

# MaxKeepAliveRequests 0

# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request

# from the same client on the same connection.

# KeepAliveTimeout 0

? 记录访问者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助于统计来者是通过什么搜索引擎找到我们的网站的。 或者在原有的CustomLog行,将参数由 common 改成 combined

# If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles,

# uncomment the following directives.

CustomLog logs/referer_log referer       

CustomLog logs/agent_log agent 

CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined    

使用 mod_limitipconn.c 来限制 apache 的并发数

Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/这里的安装建议使用动态 DSO 并 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以认识在代理后方的 IP 。但是要 重新编译 apache2.0, 以下是介绍。

##Instructions for building DSO with proxy tracking:

# tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz

# tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz

# cd httpd-2.0.39

# patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff

# ./buildconf

# ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward

# make

# make install

# cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22

# PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH

# make install

安装过程

# lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz

# tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz

# cd httpd-2.0.48

# patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff

patching file configure.in

Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines).

patching file include/scoreboard.h

patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c

Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines).

patching file server/scoreboard.c

# ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward

# make

# make install

# cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22

# PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH

# make install

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Libraries have been installed in:

/usr/local/apache2/modules

If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries

in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and

specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'

flag during linking and do at least one of the following:

- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable

during execution

- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable

during linking

- use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag

- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'

See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for

more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_limitipconn.so

[activating module `limitipconn' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf] 

检查 httpd.conf 文件,发现增加了一下一行

LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so 

同时需要设置以下参数在 httpd.conf 中 , 也可以在单个虚拟服务器中。

ExtendedStatus On

# Only needed if the module is compiled as a DSO

LoadModule limitipconn_module lib/apache/mod_limitipconn.so

<IfModule mod_limitipconn.c>

<Location /somewhere>

MaxConnPerIP 3

# exempting images from the connection limit is often a good

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